Storage required to augment low flows: a regional study
نویسندگان
چکیده
An attempt has been made to provide a basis on which the amounts of deficit storage occurring in the natural hydrographs of small catchments can be estimated as a function of yield and the frequency of occurrence. The yield levels envisaged constitute only small proportions of the mean flow and the deficits arise due to seasonal fluctuations only. It is presumed that any deficits built up during the dry periods of the year are made up by the winter flows, so that there is no year to year carry over. The streamflow data of 26 catchments in Ireland are analysed to obtain the series of annual maxima storages on each catchment. Assuming that they are distributed according to the extreme value type 1 distribution, the relationship between the deficit storage and its frequency of occurrence is calculated for various levels of yield on each catchment. A simple model is described which expresses this relationship in terms of a few parameters. For use on ungauged catchments, those parameters are related to the physical characteristics of the catchments by multiple linear regression. Volume de réserves nécessaire pour augmenter les débits d'étiage: une étude régionale. Résumé Cet article montre comment on peut estimer les déficits des hydrogrammes naturels par rapport à un débit garanti pour les petits bassins, comme une fonction du débit ainsi que la fréquence de ces déficits. Les débits garantis ne constituent qu'une petite partie des débits moyens, et les déficits sont dus seulement aux variations saisonnières. On suppose que tous les déficits des périodes sèches sont compensés par les écoulements d'hiver, donc il n'y a pas de cumul d'une année sur la suivante. La série de mise en réserve maximales annuelles est obtenue pour chacun de vingt-six bassins irlandais. Si on suppose que chaque série correspond à une distribution EV1, on peut calculer le rapport entre le déficit d'emmagasinement et sa fréquence d'occurrence pour divers débits garantis sur chaque bassin. On décrit un modèle simple qui exprime ce rapport avec peu de paramètres. Lorsque ce modèle est utilisé pour des bassins non-observés ces paramètres correspondent aux caractéristiques physiques des bassins par régressions linéaires multiples.
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